Archive for 2015
Learning
English
English, as a foreign language
to us Indonesian, it’s quite difficult to learn at the first place. There’s a
lot of vocabulary to remember, plenty of tenses to master and also the way of
speaking is quite difficult.
But as for now, English is already becoming our part of life. In this global era where vast amout of information is being spread out on the internet, and mainly almost everything is in English. This language, is must to master, if you want to survive in this era.
But as for now, English is already becoming our part of life. In this global era where vast amout of information is being spread out on the internet, and mainly almost everything is in English. This language, is must to master, if you want to survive in this era.
As for myself, I learn english
all by myself. I never taking any courses, private lessons or any form of formal
english training. I don’t know why but for me english is quite easy to
understand, far from the other languages. But it’s not like I could do that
without any engagements with the english itself. I learn about it, in a
completely different form of training, even it can’t be called a training at
all.
My familiarization to english
is from what you called “gaming”. Playing games on computer, game consoles, and
other media. Almost every game that i play is in English, and operating a computer
would need a certain level of English understanding. Beside of gaming, when i’m
watching movies or anime i prefer to use english subtitles than the Indonesian one.
Your first approach of english is very important, and every step you take will determine
which side you would end up to.
Even though you could
learn in a different way, formal education and training is also important. You
could learn anything that you don’t know with a proper lessons. Make sure you
always learn at least one new word everyday, it would really help you improving
your vocabulary and stuff. Discussed everything that you don’t know with your friend
and teacher to exchange information. With internet all over the world right
now, learning english would be a piece of cake.
There’s a lot of profit
and advantages if you could understand english. Social media, online gaming, forum
discussion on internet full with people from different countries and culture.
Communicating with them would be possible with english, as a foreign and
international language. Expanding your horizon, knowledge, and social
relationship with people around the world. It would be fun, to learn and
understand english, you’ll never regret it.
Bullying is the use of force, threat, or coercion to abuse, intimidate, or aggressively dominate others.
The behavior is often repeated and habitual. One essential prerequisite is the
perception, by the bully or by others, of an imbalance of social or physical power, which distinguishes
bullying from conflict. Behaviors used to assert such domination can include
verbal harassment or
threat, physical assault or
coercion, and such acts may be directed repeatedly towards particular targets. Rationalizations for such behavior sometimes include
differences of social class, race, religion, gender, sexual orientation,
appearance, behavior, body language, personality, reputation, lineage,
strength, size or ability. If bullying is done by a group, it is called mobbing. Bullying can be defined in many different
ways. The UK has
no legal definition of bullying, while some U.S. states
have laws against it. Bullying is
divided into four basic types of abuse – emotional (sometimes called relational), verbal, physical, and cyber. It typically involves subtle
methods of coercion, such as intimidation.
Bullying ranges from simple one-on-one
bullying to more complex bullying in which the bully may have one or more
"lieutenants" who may seem to be willing to assist the primary bully
in his or her bullying activities. Bullying in school and the workplace is also
referred to as peer abuse.
A bullying culture can
develop in any context in which humans interact with each other. This includes school, family, the workplace,
home, and neighborhoods. In a 2012 study of male adolescent American football
players, "the strongest predictor [of bullying] was the perception of
whether the most influential male in a player's life would approve of the
bullying behavior".
Definitions
Bullying may be defined as the activity of repeated, aggressive
behavior intended to hurt another individual, physically, mentally or
emotionally. Bullying is characterized by an individual behaving in a certain
way to gain power over another person. It
can be classified into four types:
1. Physical (hitting, punching, or
kicking)
2. Verbal (name-calling or taunting)
3. Relational (destroying peer
acceptance and friendships)
4. Cyber-bullying (using electronic
means to harm others)
Physical, verbal, and relational bullying are most prevalent
in primary school and could also begin much earlier. Cyber-bullying is more
common in secondary school than in primary school.
Norwegian researcher Dan Olweus says bullying occurs
when a person is "exposed, repeatedly and over time, to negative actions
on the part of one or more other persons". He says negative actions occur
"when a person intentionally inflicts injury or discomfort upon another
person, through physical contact, through words or in other ways."
Characteristics
Of bullies and accomplices
Studies have shown that envy and resentment may be motives for
bullying. Research on the
self-esteem of bullies has produced equivocal results. While some bullies are arrogant and
narcissistic, they can also use bullying as a tool to conceal shame or anxiety
or to boost self-esteem: by demeaning others, the abuser feels empowered. Bullies
may bully out of jealousy or because they themselves are bullied. Psychologist Roy Baumeister asserts
that people who are prone to abusive behavior tend to have inflated but fragile
egos. Because they think too highly of themselves, are frequently offended by
the criticisms and lack of deference of other people, and react to this
disrespect with violence and insults.
Researchers have identified other risk
factors such as depression and personality disorders, as well as quickness to anger and use
of force, addiction to aggressive behaviors, mistaking others' actions as
hostile, concern with preserving self-image, and engaging in obsessive or rigid
actions. A combination of these
factors may also be causes of this behavior. In one study of youth,
a combination of antisocial traits and depression was found to be the best
predictor of youth violence, whereas video game violence and television
violence exposure were not predictive of these behaviors.
Bullying may also result from a genetic
predisposition or a brain abnormality in the bully.While parents can help a
toddler develop emotional regulation and control to restrict aggressive
behavior, some children fail to develop these skills due to insecure attachment
with their families, ineffective discipline, and environmental factors such as
a stressful home life and hostile siblings. Moreover, according to
some researchers, bullies may be inclined toward negativity and perform poorly
academically. Dr. Cook says that "a typical bully has trouble resolving
problems with others and also has trouble academically. He or she usually has
negative attitudes and beliefs about others, feels negatively toward
himself/herself, comes from a family environment characterized by conflict and
poor parenting, perceives school as negative and is negatively influenced by
peers".
Contrarily, some researchers have
suggested that some bullies are psychologically strongest and have high social
standing among their peers, while their targets are emotionally distressed and
socially marginalized. Peer groups often promote the bully's actions, and
members of these peer groups also engage in behaviors, such as mocking,
excluding, punching, and insulting one another as a source of entertainment. Other researchers also argued that a
minority of the bullies, those who are not in-turn bullied, enjoy going to
school, and are least likely to take days off sick.
Research indicates that adults who bully
have authoritarian personalities, combined with a strong need to control or
dominate. It has also been
suggested that a prejudicial view of subordinates can be a particularly strong
risk factor.
Of typical bystanders
Often, bullying takes place in the
presence of a large group of relatively uninvolved bystanders. In many cases,
it is the bully's ability to create the illusion that he or she has the support
of the majority present that instills the fear of "speaking out" in
protestation of the bullying activities being observed by the group. Unless the
"bully mentality" is effectively challenged in any given group in its
early stages, it often becomes an accepted, or supported, norm within
the group.
Unless action is taken, a "culture of bullying" is often perpetuated
within a group for months, years, or longer.
Bystanders who have been able to
establish their own "friendship group" or "support group"
have been found to be far more likely to opt to speak out against bullying
behavior than those who have not.
In addition to communication of clear
expectations that bystanders should intervene and increasing individual
self-efficacy, there is growing research that suggests interventions should
build on the foundation that bullying is morally wrong.
Among adults, being a bystander to
workplace bullying was linked to depression, particularly in women.
Children who bully typically show signs
of an aggressive behavior, a need to dominate others, and have a positive
attitude towards violence.
Of victims
Dr. Cook says that "A typical
victim is likely to be aggressive, lack social skills, think negative thoughts,
experience difficulties in solving social problems, come from a negative
family, school and community environments and be noticeably rejected and
isolated by peers".[27] Victims
often have characteristics such as being physically weak, as well as being
easily distraught emotionally. They may also have physical characteristics that
make them easier targets for bullies such as being overweight or having some
type of physical deformity. Boys are more likely to be victims of physical
bullying while girls are more likely to be bullied indirectly.
The results of a meta-analysis conducted
by Cook and published by the American
Psychological Association in
2010 concluded the main risk factors for children and adolescents being
bullied, and also for becoming bullies, are the lack of social problem-solving skills.
Children who are bullied often show
physical or emotional signs, such as: being afraid to attend school,
complaining of headaches or a loss of appetite, a lack of interest in school
activities and spending time with friends or family, and having an overall
sense of sadness.
How to Stop Bullying
Bullying isn't something that just happens in movies and
books. It's a real problem that many kids encounter on a daily basis, and it
can become dangerous if it isn't stopped. Learn how to put a stop to bullying
by taking immediate action, knowing where to go for help, and setting a good
example for others. People hurt others because they usually don't care about
others.
Method
1 of 4: Taking Immediate Action
Look the bully in
the eye and tell him or her to stop. If a bully is teasing
you in a way you don't like, insulting you, or physically threatening you,
sometimes eye contact and a calm, clear "no" is the right way to
defuse the situation. Tell the bully that you are not OK with the treatment
you're receiving, and make it clear that it has to end immediately.
·
If
it's appropriate, try to use laughter to lighten the tension. Bullies usually
try to get a rise out of the person they're bullying, so if you show the person
your skin is too thick for that, he or she may give up and leave you alone. Don't
raise your voice when you're telling the bully to stop. This could provoke the
bully to keep teasing you to get an even stronger reaction.
·
Avoid escalating
the situation. Teasing the bully by calling him or her names or threatening
to fight is only going to make things worse. Don't yell or take steps toward
physical violence. The bully will likely respond with increased bullying, and
you risk getting in as much trouble or he or she does if you're caught
participating in the situation.
Know when to walk away. If the situation seems threatening or dangerous, it's best to disengage. Turn around and walk away from the bully. At a certain point, reasoning with him or her isn't going to make a difference.
·
If
you're worried for your safety, walk to a teacher or counselor you trust to
help you handle the situation.
·
Avoid
further contact with the bully until you've taken other steps to end the
bullying.
Don't respond to cyberbullying attacks. If you're being bullied by someone via text, social networks, your website, emails, or another online space, do not respond to the bully. Provocation is especially counterproductive in a situation where the bully is anonymous. Instead of responding to the bully, take these measures:
·
Save
the evidence. Don't delete threatening emails, messages or texts. You may need
to have them if things get worse.
·
Block
the bully. If the person is known to you, block him or her from your social
media pages, erase him or her from your phone contacts, and block
correspondence in any way possible. This is often enough to deter the bully
from further action. If the person is anonymous, mark the email address as
spam.
·
Change
your account settings to make it more difficult to find you online. Start using
a new screenname or tighten the privacy settings on your social media accounts.
Method
2 of 4: Getting Outside Help
Don't wait too long. If the bullying
has reached the point where it's causing you to feel anxious about going to
school, keeping you up at night, or interfering with your life in any other
negative way, seek help from a trusted adult.
Talk to your school
administrators. Since bullying is so common, every school has a policy
for handling it efficiently and effectively. Talk to your school principal or
school counselor about the situation so that it stops as soon as possible.
Steps will be taken to either punish the bully or set up a mediation to resolve
the issue.
·
Know
that other kids in your school are experiencing the same problem, and rules and
protocols are in place for good reason.
·
If
you're a parent, set up a meeting with the school administrator instead of
trying to handle the situation on your own.
Report cyberbullying to service
providers. This form of bullying has become so common that phone
services and other service providers also have plans in place for dealing with
abuse. Call your service providers to report the bullying so that action will
be taken to block the person from continuing to contact you. You may have to
provide phone or email records to the service provider.
Take legal action. Continued
bullying that causes emotional or physical damage may be grounds for taking
legal action. If the measures taken by the school and the bully's parents are
not sufficient to correct the problem, you might want to consider getting a lawyer
involved.
Call local law
enforcement. Certain forms of bullying can be quite dangerous, and
some are even classified as crimes. If the bullying you experience involves one
of these elements, call your local police department.
·
Physical
violence. Bullying can lead to real physical harm. If you're worried that your
health or life is in danger, call the police.
·
Stalking
and use of intimidation. If someone is violating your personal space and
intimidating you, that's a crime.
·
Death
threats or threats of violence.
·
Dispersion
of potentially humiliating photos or videos without your consent, including
sexually explicit photos or videos.
·
Hate-related
actions or threats.
Method
3 of 4: Setting a Good Example
Make sure you
aren't perpetuating bullying behavior in your school. Examine your own
treatment of your classmates. Is there anyone you may be bullying, even
unintentionally? Everyone exchanges sharp words now and then, but if there's
someone you tend to pick on, stop, even if you aren't doing what you would
define as bullying. Make it your policy to be nice to other people, even if you
don't like them very much.
·
Don't
tease someone else unless you know them well enough to understand their sense
of humor.
·
Don't
purposely leave someone out or ignore them.
·
Never
spread pictures or information about someone else on the internet without
consent.
Method 4 of 4: Mental
and Emotional Karate - an Inside Out Approach
Teach young people to
have an internal locus of control. Teach them that it's really what they choose to think about
what happens and what others say and do that really determines how they feel.
Everyone has a host of cognitive choices that we alone make that really
determine how we feel, and that no one else can make for us, unless we let
them.
Teach young people to
recognize and correct their own irrational thinking.Luckily Dr. Albert Ellis has given us a simple model for
doing so. He says that we upset ourselves more than necessary by engaging in
four basic types of irrational thought: Demandiness, Awfulizing, Can't Stand
It-itis, and Label and Damning.
Teach young people to
have USA or Unconditional Self-Acceptance. The reason is
shame. Shame can be lurking in the background before someone gets bullied. Kids
often beat up on themselves for not being able to handle bullying on their own,
or better than they do. Shame is what also causes them to keep secrets, and not
seek or accept help that is available to them. Keeping secrets allows them to
rehearse irrational thoughts to the point that they start to feel like facts
instead of simple opinions. These thoughts often end up being the irrational
logic of school shooting and suicides that arise from bullying.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullying
Well, firstly after i finished lots of assignment from college and plenty of house chores, i head straight to my PC or personal computer.
And then i enter the net world, since my house always online with wi-fi and lan cables.
For warming up, i always checking up infos in the social media like facebook, twitter and mostly news website.
Since i didn't even watch television for info gathering and entertainment, my pc is quite essential for me.
Well, i never came out from my house if there's nothing to be done outside. But even if i'm such a shut-in, my social relationship is quite good and my links always maintained.
And after a few moments, i always watching anime (japanese animation) by streaming from anime website. They always updating their list and keep me informed about latest airing animes.
That was my only movies entertainment at home, since my local television's channel didn't have any interesting shows.
Then i began my gaming session, which would take lots of my free time a day. For my gaming menu i choose WarThunder (WW2 Online War Game), DOTA2 (MOBA game), and DMM Browser Games, such as Kantai Collection, Last Summoner and many more.
Even if i'm playing so much game everyday, i always take my responsibilities as my top priorities.
Then, thats all for my free time, since i never liked going outside and stuff myself into the crowd.
